When Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded the Google search engine, their core insight was implemented as the PageRank algorithm. Put simply, PageRank determines where a page should rank in the SERPs based on the PageRank of incoming links from other sites — it’s a recursive algorithm.
The higher the PageRank, the greater the assumed authority of a particular site. That authority can then combine with a keyword analysis of a page. Then, they use this combination to devise a ranking of pages in response to a search query.
Thus, PageRank is a proxy measure of authority. Google’s algorithms, in their early days and even now for the most part, couldn’t determine a page’s authority for a specific search query by just looking at the content.
PageRank significantly improved upon previous methods, as early search engine users remember. However, it wasn’t perfect. This imperfection created opportunities for manipulating the system through various link-building tactics.
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